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\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\u6216\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u653f\u515a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u6784\u67b6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u4e13\u5bb6\u63a8\u8350\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u9879\u7684\u63aa\u8f9e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u7740\u5f71\u54cd\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002
\u5916\u8bed\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u9879\u5206\u6790\u5916\u8bed\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7814\u7a76\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08Keysar, Hayakawa & An, 2012\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ec5\u51ed\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0e\u5916\u8bed\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u653e\u5927\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6311\u6218\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u8bed\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u51b3\u7b56\u504f\u5dee\u30024\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6bcd\u8bed\u5411\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u98ce\u9669\u5bfb\u6c42\u635f\u5931\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u538c\u6076\u6536\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u5916\u8bed\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u6846\u67b6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee5\u5916\u8bed\u5448\u73b0\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u679c\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u671f\u671b\u503c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u548c\u5047\u8bbe\u6295\u6ce8\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u3002\u5916\u8bed\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e74\u9f84\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7ae5\u5e74<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6846\u67b6\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u968f\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u957f\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff08Reyna & Farley\uff0c2006\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b66\u9f84\u524d\u513f\u7ae5\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9a\u91cf\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff09\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b9a\u6027\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u79ef\u6781\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6d88\u6781\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u9009\u62e9\u98ce\u9669\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6982\u7387.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9a\u6027\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e0e\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8981\u70b9\u201d\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5e74\u9f84\u76f8\u5173\uff08Reyna\uff0c2008\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9752\u6625\u671f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u867d\u7136\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6bd4\u513f\u7ae5\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u4e0d\u5982\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u5f3a\uff08Strough, Karns & Schlosnagle, 2011\uff09\u3002
\u5728\u5931\u53bb\u548c\u83b7\u5f97\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u98ce\u9669\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff08Albert & Steinberg\uff0c2011\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6536\u76ca\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5b9a\u91cf\u8bc4\u4f30\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\uff08Schlottmann & Tring\uff0c2005 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b63\u9762\u548c\u8d1f\u9762\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6210\u5e74<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6210\u4eba\u6bd4\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u9488\u5bf9\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5403\u6807\u6709 75% \u7626\u8089\u800c\u4e0d\u662f 25% \u8102\u80aa\u7684\u8089\u7c7b\uff08Revlin\uff0c2012 \u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u5728\u635f\u5931\u7b49\u91cf\u91d1\u94b1\u540e\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u8d2d\u4e70\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u6bd4\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08Peters, Finucane, MacGregor & Slovic, 2000\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8870\u8001\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u5728\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u65f6\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u8ba4\u77e5\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff08Thomas & Millar\uff0c2011\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6613\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u751a\u81f3\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u5728\u533b\u7597\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u533b\u751f\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u7528\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u764c\u75c7\u6cbb\u7597\u65f6\uff0c\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u4ece\u77ed\u671f\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u957f\u671f\u751f\u5b58\uff08Erber\uff0c2013\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u7279\u5b9a\u6cbb\u7597\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u8be5\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d1f\u9762\u6216\u4e2d\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08Peters\u3001Finucane\u3001MacGregor & Slovic\uff0c2000\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u4ece\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u95ee\u9898\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u4e2d\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6bd4\u6d88\u6781\u63aa\u8f9e\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u56de\u5fc6\u79ef\u6781\u63aa\u8f9e\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\uff08L\u00f6ckenhoff\uff0c2011\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u6ca1\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed4\u7ec6\u68c0\u67e5\u5e7f\u544a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0e\u7528\u4e8e\u5438\u5f15\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u8bf1\u4eba\u88c5\u9970\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f53\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u6d88\u6781\u6216\u79ef\u6781\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8bd5\u7740\u5728\u5fc3\u91cc\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u8ff0\u5b83\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002
\u5728\u4ece\u5404\u79cd\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8bf7\u4ece\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u6709\u5173\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u548c\u53cb\u597d\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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