\u4e09\u987f\u534a\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u54c1\u724c\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u7a7f\u8d8a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5468\u671f\u3001\u6f6e\u6d41\u53d8\u8fc1\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u8981\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u516c\u53f8\u4e0ePMF<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nLenny Rachitsky\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4ed8\u8d39newsletter\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u201cThe mythical land of Product-Market Fit \u201d\u521d\u521b\u516c\u53f8PMF<\/a><\/span>\u8ff7\u601d\uff09\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5bfb\u627ePMF\uff08Product\/Market Fit\uff09\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u627e\u5230\u4e86PMF\u3001\u516c\u53f8\u9700\u8981\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u80fd\u627e\u5230 PMF\uff08\u5728 B2C \u4e2d\uff09\u7b49\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u751a\u4e86\u4e86\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u662fLenny\u6709\u5173kickstarting and scaling a consumer business\uff08\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u5316\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u521b\u4e1a\uff09\u7cfb\u5217\u4ed8\u8d39\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u7bc7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nPMF\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u8ff9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nLenny\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u4f3c\u7684\u770b\u5f85PMF\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u62e5\u6709\u8981\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u62e5\u6709PMF\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u770b\u505a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5149\u8c31\u3002\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5149\u8c31\u4e00\u7aef\u662f\u4f60100%\u786e\u4fe1\u4f60\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86PMF\uff0c\u5149\u8c31\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u662f\u4f60\u786e\u4fe1\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230PMF\uff0c\u4e24\u7aef\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684PMF\u8ff9\u8c61\u6216\u4fe1\u53f7\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8ff9\u8c61\u8d8a\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8d8a\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u786e\u5b9a\u4f60\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86PMF\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lenny\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86PMF\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u8ff9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1\uff09\u540c\u671f\u7fa4\u7559\u5b58\u66f2\u7ebf\u53d8\u5f97\u5e73\u5766\uff08Cohort retention curves flatten\uff09<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u6301\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u7684\u662f\u540c\u671f\u7fa4\u5206\u6790\uff08cohort analyse\uff09\uff1a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5468\u671f\u5185\uff08\u6708\/\u5468\/\u5929\uff09\u7684\u65b0\u7528\u6237x \u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u540e\uff08\u6708\/\u5468\/\u5929\uff09\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6bd4\u5982\u6b21\u65e5\u30017\u65e5\u300114\u65e5\u300130\u65e5\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u3002\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u540c\u671f\u7fa4\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u4f5c\u6210\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0cSQL\u3001Python\u3001Tableau\u3001PowerBI\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-79.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-23.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLenny\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u5728 0% \u4ee5\u4e0a\u53d8\u5e73\uff0c\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u9700\u8981\u60a8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u60f3\u5efa\u7acb\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u66f2\u7ebf\u53d8\u5f97\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8981\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64Lenny\u4ee5\u524d\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u300aWhat is good retention<\/em>\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e1a\u5185\u53ef\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u6bd4\u5982\u516d\u4e2a\u6708\u7559\u5b58\u7387\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u6bd4\u5982Snapchat\uff090~25%\u4e3a\u826f\u597d\uff0c25%~45%\u4e3a\u4f18\u5f02\uff1b\u4ea4\u6613\u578b\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u6bd4\u5982Airbnb\uff090~30%\u4e3a\u826f\u597d\uff0c30%~50%\u4e3a\u4f18\u5f02\uff1b\u8ba2\u9605\u578b\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u591a\u90bb\u56fd\uff090~40%\u4e3a\u826f\u597d\uff0c40%~70%\u4e3a\u4f18\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7559\u5b58\u6c34\u5e73\u4f4e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u53c2\u8003\u6c34\u51c6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4f60\u7684CAC\u548c\u83b7\u5ba2\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u3001\u4f60\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u98ce\u6295\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u4f60\u624d\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7845\u8c37\u589e\u957f\u5b9e\u8df5\u9f3b\u7956\u3001\u524d Pinterest \u589e\u957f\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ebaCasey Winters\u5bf9PMF\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u660e\u667a\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\uff1a\u201cYou have product-market fit when your retention creates enough money (or content\/virality) to drive sustainable acquisition<\/em>.\u201d\uff08\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7559\u5b58\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\/\u5185\u5bb9\/\u75c5\u6bd2\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\u6765\u9a71\u52a8\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u83b7\u5ba2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e86PMF\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n2\uff09\u501f\u7531\u53e3\u7891\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff08Explosive growth through word of mouth\uff09<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6700\u806a\u660e\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u4ea7\u54c1\u5927\u4f6c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u4e86\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u6709\u673a\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e86PMF\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25c6\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e4b\u7236\u3001\u7845\u8c37\u7f51\u7ea2\u98ce\u6295A16Z\u8054\u5408\u521b\u59cb\u4ebaMarc Andreessen\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201cYou can always feel product-market fit when it\u2019s happening. The customers are buying the product just as fast as you can make it\u2014or usage is growing just as fast as you can add more servers. Money from customers is piling up in your company checking account. You\u2019re hiring sales and customer support staff as fast as you can. Reporters are calling because they\u2019ve heard about your hot new thing and they want to talk to you about it. You start getting entrepreneur of the year awards from Harvard Business School. Investment bankers are staking out your house.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25c6\u7845\u8c37\u77e5\u540d\u521b\u4e1a\u5b75\u5316\u5668Y Combinator\u7684\u8054\u5408\u521b\u59cb\u4ebaMichael Seibel\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201cThe only way you know if you\u2019ve built what customers want is because they are using it in an explosive and destructive way. If you are not getting explosive usage, you are not building what customers want, or there aren\u2019t that many customers, which means you don\u2019t have a big busines\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25c6Slack\u524d\u589e\u957f\u4e3b\u7ba1Merci Grace\u540c\u6837\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201cOrganic growth is the key indicator of product\/market fit. People love to seem smart and cool. They want to recommend something great to their friends. They don\u2019t need a share button to do it. If they love your product, they will tell people about it. Ideally more than 50% of your new accounts come from direct or organic traff\u201d\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n3)Sean Ellis survey\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0Sean Ellis Test\uff09<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u589e\u957f\u9ed1\u5ba2<\/a><\/span>\u4e4b\u7236Sean Ellis\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8c03\u7814\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ece\u660e\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4f60\u4f1a\u6709\u591a\u5931\u671b\uff1f\u7528\u6237\u56de\u7b54\u975e\u5e38\u5931\u671b\/\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u5931\u671b\/\u4e0d\u5931\u671b\/\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u2014\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f03\u7528\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u5931\u671b\u201d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9ad8\u4e8e40%\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4ea7\u54c1\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u6027\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86PMF\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n4)Visceral excitement\uff08\u53d1\u81ea\u80ba\u8151\u7684\u5174\u594b\uff09<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u5728\u521b\u4e1a\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u539f\u578b\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8868\u660e\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u671d\u7740PMF\u524d\u666f\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u3001\u53d1\u81ea\u80ba\u8151\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5e76\u4e14\u53bb\u8ffd\u9010\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b3e\u95ea\u95ea\u53d1\u5149\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“The real metric for both consumer apps and enterprise is\u2014\u2014do someone’s pupils dilate\uff08\u77b3\u5b54\u653e\u5927\uff09 when they use your stuff ? Whether you’re handing them a demo or if you drew something on the whiteboard,do they say,’You’re not leaving’ or ‘Where have you been all of my life?'”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u2014\u2014Steve Blank<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“At the end of your free trial,you should pull the trial.If the customer doesn’t scream,you don’t have PMF.Because if they aren’t going to buy it at the end of the 30 days,they aren’t desperate.And if they aren’t desperate,you don’t have PMF.”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u2014\u2014Andy Rachleff<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u627e\u5230PMF\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nLenny\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u79cd\u5f53\u4eca\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684 PMF \u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u683c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-80.png\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\uff0cLenny\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- 180% \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5728 2 \u5e74\u5185\u53d1\u73b0 PMF\uff1b<\/li>
- \u53ea\u6709 20% \u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u627e\u5230PMF\uff1b<\/li>
- \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u627e\u5230PMF\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9700\u8981 6-18 \u4e2a\u6708\uff1b<\/li>
- \u5927\u591a\u6570\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7\u8fed\u4ee3\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u5206\u9500\u5230\u8fbe\u90a3\u91cc\uff1b<\/li>
- \u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u8fbePMF\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u6e05\u695a\u77e5\u9053\uff1b<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u6d88\u8d39\u578b\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u516c\u53f86\u79cd\u5bfb\u627ePMF\u5178\u578b\u65c5\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u524dTinder\u5f00\u53d1\u603b\u76d1Alex Ross\u4e0e\u98ce\u6295First Round\u5408\u4f19\u4ebaHayley Bay Barna\u8c08\u8bba\u8fc7\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u521b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u5f62\u6001\uff0cLenny Rachitsky\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u516d\u79cd\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u521d\u521b\u516c\u53f8\u5bfb\u627ePMF\u4e4b\u8def\u7684\u5178\u578b\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u6a2a\u8f74\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7eb5\u8f74\u4e3aPMF\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u516d\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u65c5\u7a0b\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Lightning in a bottle\uff08\u74f6\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u95ea\u7535\uff09: Immediately clear, up and to the right\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u74f6\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u95ea\u7535\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fda\u8bed\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u76f8\u5f53\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u6216\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u7f55\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f15\u7533\u4e3a\u6293\u4f4f\u7075\u5149\u4e4d\u73b0\u7684\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u54c1\u91cc\u7684\u795e\u6765\u4e4b\u7b14\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u7684\u662f\u521d\u521b\u516c\u53f8\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6355\u83b7PMF\u5e76\u4e14\u6025\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u516c\u53f8\u6709Tinder\u3001Instagram\u3001Dropbox\u7b49<\/li>
- Delayed lightning\uff08\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u95ea\u7535\uff09: Eventually instantly clear, but after 6-18 months of iterating on the product, distribution, or business model\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u521d\u521b\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u8fc76-18\u4e2a\u6708\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u5206\u9500\u6216\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f<\/a><\/span>\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u6700\u7ec8\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u627e\u5230PMF\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u6709YouTube\u3001Netflix\u3002<\/li>
- Foothold\uff08\u7acb\u8db3\u70b9\uff09: Very clear with just a narrow segment, unclear if it\u2019ll work broadly, but with growing confidence as you expand\u3002\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u521d\u521b\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u5782\u76f4\u7684\u7ec6\u5206\u9886\u57df\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u77e5\u9053PMF\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u5185PMF\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u627e\u5230PMF\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4e5f\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u6709instacart\u3001Lyft\u3002<\/li>
- Milestone\uff08\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff09: Glimmers early on, and with steady and consistent growth you hit a meaningful milestone that finally tells you it\u2019s working\u3002\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u95ea\u95ea\u53d1\u5149\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7a33\u6b65\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5f53\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8868\u660e\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86PMF\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u6709Substack\u3001Airbnb\u3001DoorDash\u3001Duolingo<\/li>
- Long Grind\uff08\u957f\u671f\u78e8\u70bc\uff09: 2-10 years of iterating, and eventually you get there\u3002\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc72\u523010\u5e74\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u62b5\u8fbePMF\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u6709Udemy\u3001OpenTable\u3001Roblox\u3001Thumbtack\u3001Calm<\/li>
- 15 minutes of fame\uff08\u6210\u540d\u5341\u4e94\u5206\u949f\uff09\uff1ainitially looks like PMF, but then fizzles out\u3002\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6700\u521d\u597d\u50cf\u627e\u5230\u4e86PMF\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u5f52\u4e8e\u6c89\u5bc2\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cAlex Ross\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u662fDuolingo\u3001YikYak\u3001Clubhouse\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0cLenny\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06DUolingo\u5f52\u5230Milestone\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-81.png\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\u4e0a\u9762Lenny\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u8fd9\u516d\u79cdPMF\u5f62\u6001\u6211\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5341\u5206\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5176\u4ed8\u8d39Newsletter\u6709\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba2\u9605\u4e5f\u5c31\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5168\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PMF\u5728\u521b\u6295\u5708\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u548c\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u521b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u8001\u677f\u3001\u98ce\u6295\u3001\u589e\u957f\u9ed1\u5ba2\u3001\u54ea\u6015\u4e00\u7ebf\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fd0\u8425\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u5728\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4ee5\u6c42\u5730\u5bfb\u627e\u3002\u4f46PMF\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u70b9\u8bf4\u4e0d\u6e05\u9053\u4e0d\u660e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u6052\u5b9a\u5982\u4e00\u7684100%\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u6b63\u5982Lenny\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6837\uff0cPMF\u5728\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5149\u8c31\u4e24\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9760\u5404\u79cd\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6216\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u53cd\u5e94\u6765\u4f50\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u76f8\u5f53\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u516d\u79cdPMF\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u8bf4\u660e\u62b5\u8fbePMF\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u957f\u53ef\u77ed\uff0c\u521b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u6709\u8010\u5fc3\u548c\u5b9a\u529b\uff0c\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u641e\u5b9a\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Customer\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u4ed8\u8d39<\/li>
- Market\uff1a\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u652f\u6491\u540e\u7eed\u5207\u5165\u3001\u589e\u957f\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5229\u57fa\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u5bbd\u6cdb\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7a0d\u5fae\u8d85\u524d\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fed\u4ee3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5907\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u6559\u80b2\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f<\/li>
- Product\uff1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u80fd\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u8981\u4e14\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff0c\u524d\u671fMVP\u80fd\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u76f8\u5173\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n- Why You Need to Care About User Retention\uff1ahttps:\/\/amplitude.com\/mastering-retention\/why-care-about-user-retention<\/li>
- What is good retention\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.lennysnewsletter.com\/p\/what-is-good-retention-issue-29<\/li>
- \u66f2\u5349\uff1a\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u8fbe\u6807\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\uff1ahttps:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/5PaSNQuNO9REWSkvfvx3dw<\/li>
- 12 Things About Product-Market Fit\uff1ahttps:\/\/future.com\/about-product-market-fit\/<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u6e90\uff1a\u4e8c\u9636\u5bfc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PMF\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u8ff9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nLenny\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u4f3c\u7684\u770b\u5f85PMF\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u62e5\u6709\u8981\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u62e5\u6709PMF\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u770b\u505a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5149\u8c31\u3002\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5149\u8c31\u4e00\u7aef\u662f\u4f60100%\u786e\u4fe1\u4f60\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86PMF\uff0c\u5149\u8c31\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u662f\u4f60\u786e\u4fe1\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230PMF\uff0c\u4e24\u7aef\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684PMF\u8ff9\u8c61\u6216\u4fe1\u53f7\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8ff9\u8c61\u8d8a\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8d8a\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u786e\u5b9a\u4f60\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86PMF\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lenny\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86PMF\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u8ff9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1\uff09\u540c\u671f\u7fa4\u7559\u5b58\u66f2\u7ebf\u53d8\u5f97\u5e73\u5766\uff08Cohort retention curves flatten\uff09<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u6301\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u7684\u662f\u540c\u671f\u7fa4\u5206\u6790\uff08cohort analyse\uff09\uff1a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5468\u671f\u5185\uff08\u6708\/\u5468\/\u5929\uff09\u7684\u65b0\u7528\u6237x \u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u540e\uff08\u6708\/\u5468\/\u5929\uff09\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6bd4\u5982\u6b21\u65e5\u30017\u65e5\u300114\u65e5\u300130\u65e5\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u3002\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u540c\u671f\u7fa4\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u4f5c\u6210\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0cSQL\u3001Python\u3001Tableau\u3001PowerBI\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLenny\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u5728 0% \u4ee5\u4e0a\u53d8\u5e73\uff0c\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u9700\u8981\u60a8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u60f3\u5efa\u7acb\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u66f2\u7ebf\u53d8\u5f97\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8981\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64Lenny\u4ee5\u524d\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u300aWhat is good retention<\/em>\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e1a\u5185\u53ef\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u6bd4\u5982\u516d\u4e2a\u6708\u7559\u5b58\u7387\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u6bd4\u5982Snapchat\uff090~25%\u4e3a\u826f\u597d\uff0c25%~45%\u4e3a\u4f18\u5f02\uff1b\u4ea4\u6613\u578b\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u6bd4\u5982Airbnb\uff090~30%\u4e3a\u826f\u597d\uff0c30%~50%\u4e3a\u4f18\u5f02\uff1b\u8ba2\u9605\u578b\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u591a\u90bb\u56fd\uff090~40%\u4e3a\u826f\u597d\uff0c40%~70%\u4e3a\u4f18\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7559\u5b58\u6c34\u5e73\u4f4e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u53c2\u8003\u6c34\u51c6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4f60\u7684CAC\u548c\u83b7\u5ba2\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u3001\u4f60\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u98ce\u6295\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u4f60\u624d\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7845\u8c37\u589e\u957f\u5b9e\u8df5\u9f3b\u7956\u3001\u524d Pinterest \u589e\u957f\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ebaCasey Winters\u5bf9PMF\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u660e\u667a\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\uff1a\u201cYou have product-market fit when your retention creates enough money (or content\/virality) to drive sustainable acquisition<\/em>.\u201d\uff08\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7559\u5b58\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\/\u5185\u5bb9\/\u75c5\u6bd2\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\u6765\u9a71\u52a8\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u83b7\u5ba2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e86PMF\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n2\uff09\u501f\u7531\u53e3\u7891\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff08Explosive growth through word of mouth\uff09<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6700\u806a\u660e\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u4ea7\u54c1\u5927\u4f6c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u4e86\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u6709\u673a\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e86PMF\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25c6\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e4b\u7236\u3001\u7845\u8c37\u7f51\u7ea2\u98ce\u6295A16Z\u8054\u5408\u521b\u59cb\u4ebaMarc Andreessen\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201cYou can always feel product-market fit when it\u2019s happening. The customers are buying the product just as fast as you can make it\u2014or usage is growing just as fast as you can add more servers. Money from customers is piling up in your company checking account. You\u2019re hiring sales and customer support staff as fast as you can. Reporters are calling because they\u2019ve heard about your hot new thing and they want to talk to you about it. You start getting entrepreneur of the year awards from Harvard Business School. Investment bankers are staking out your house.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25c6\u7845\u8c37\u77e5\u540d\u521b\u4e1a\u5b75\u5316\u5668Y Combinator\u7684\u8054\u5408\u521b\u59cb\u4ebaMichael Seibel\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201cThe only way you know if you\u2019ve built what customers want is because they are using it in an explosive and destructive way. If you are not getting explosive usage, you are not building what customers want, or there aren\u2019t that many customers, which means you don\u2019t have a big busines\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25c6Slack\u524d\u589e\u957f\u4e3b\u7ba1Merci Grace\u540c\u6837\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201cOrganic growth is the key indicator of product\/market fit. People love to seem smart and cool. They want to recommend something great to their friends. They don\u2019t need a share button to do it. If they love your product, they will tell people about it. Ideally more than 50% of your new accounts come from direct or organic traff\u201d\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n3)Sean Ellis survey\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0Sean Ellis Test\uff09<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u589e\u957f\u9ed1\u5ba2<\/a><\/span>\u4e4b\u7236Sean Ellis\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8c03\u7814\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ece\u660e\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4f60\u4f1a\u6709\u591a\u5931\u671b\uff1f\u7528\u6237\u56de\u7b54\u975e\u5e38\u5931\u671b\/\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u5931\u671b\/\u4e0d\u5931\u671b\/\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u2014\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f03\u7528\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u5931\u671b\u201d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9ad8\u4e8e40%\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4ea7\u54c1\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u6027\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86PMF\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n4)Visceral excitement\uff08\u53d1\u81ea\u80ba\u8151\u7684\u5174\u594b\uff09<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u5728\u521b\u4e1a\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u539f\u578b\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8868\u660e\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u671d\u7740PMF\u524d\u666f\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u3001\u53d1\u81ea\u80ba\u8151\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5e76\u4e14\u53bb\u8ffd\u9010\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b3e\u95ea\u95ea\u53d1\u5149\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“The real metric for both consumer apps and enterprise is\u2014\u2014do someone’s pupils dilate\uff08\u77b3\u5b54\u653e\u5927\uff09 when they use your stuff ? Whether you’re handing them a demo or if you drew something on the whiteboard,do they say,’You’re not leaving’ or ‘Where have you been all of my life?'”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u2014\u2014Steve Blank<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“At the end of your free trial,you should pull the trial.If the customer doesn’t scream,you don’t have PMF.Because if they aren’t going to buy it at the end of the 30 days,they aren’t desperate.And if they aren’t desperate,you don’t have PMF.”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u2014\u2014Andy Rachleff<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u627e\u5230PMF\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nLenny\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u79cd\u5f53\u4eca\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684 PMF \u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u683c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n
\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\uff0cLenny\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- 180% \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5728 2 \u5e74\u5185\u53d1\u73b0 PMF\uff1b<\/li>
- \u53ea\u6709 20% \u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u627e\u5230PMF\uff1b<\/li>
- \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u627e\u5230PMF\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9700\u8981 6-18 \u4e2a\u6708\uff1b<\/li>
- \u5927\u591a\u6570\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7\u8fed\u4ee3\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u5206\u9500\u5230\u8fbe\u90a3\u91cc\uff1b<\/li>
- \u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u8fbePMF\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u6e05\u695a\u77e5\u9053\uff1b<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u6d88\u8d39\u578b\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u516c\u53f86\u79cd\u5bfb\u627ePMF\u5178\u578b\u65c5\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u524dTinder\u5f00\u53d1\u603b\u76d1Alex Ross\u4e0e\u98ce\u6295First Round\u5408\u4f19\u4ebaHayley Bay Barna\u8c08\u8bba\u8fc7\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u521b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u5f62\u6001\uff0cLenny Rachitsky\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u516d\u79cd\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u521d\u521b\u516c\u53f8\u5bfb\u627ePMF\u4e4b\u8def\u7684\u5178\u578b\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u6a2a\u8f74\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7eb5\u8f74\u4e3aPMF\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u516d\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u65c5\u7a0b\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Lightning in a bottle\uff08\u74f6\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u95ea\u7535\uff09: Immediately clear, up and to the right\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u74f6\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u95ea\u7535\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fda\u8bed\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u76f8\u5f53\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u6216\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u7f55\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f15\u7533\u4e3a\u6293\u4f4f\u7075\u5149\u4e4d\u73b0\u7684\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u54c1\u91cc\u7684\u795e\u6765\u4e4b\u7b14\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u7684\u662f\u521d\u521b\u516c\u53f8\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6355\u83b7PMF\u5e76\u4e14\u6025\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u516c\u53f8\u6709Tinder\u3001Instagram\u3001Dropbox\u7b49<\/li>
- Delayed lightning\uff08\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u95ea\u7535\uff09: Eventually instantly clear, but after 6-18 months of iterating on the product, distribution, or business model\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u521d\u521b\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u8fc76-18\u4e2a\u6708\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u5206\u9500\u6216\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f<\/a><\/span>\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u6700\u7ec8\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u627e\u5230PMF\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u6709YouTube\u3001Netflix\u3002<\/li>
- Foothold\uff08\u7acb\u8db3\u70b9\uff09: Very clear with just a narrow segment, unclear if it\u2019ll work broadly, but with growing confidence as you expand\u3002\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u521d\u521b\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u5782\u76f4\u7684\u7ec6\u5206\u9886\u57df\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u77e5\u9053PMF\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u5185PMF\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u627e\u5230PMF\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4e5f\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u6709instacart\u3001Lyft\u3002<\/li>
- Milestone\uff08\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff09: Glimmers early on, and with steady and consistent growth you hit a meaningful milestone that finally tells you it\u2019s working\u3002\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u95ea\u95ea\u53d1\u5149\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7a33\u6b65\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5f53\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8868\u660e\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86PMF\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u6709Substack\u3001Airbnb\u3001DoorDash\u3001Duolingo<\/li>
- Long Grind\uff08\u957f\u671f\u78e8\u70bc\uff09: 2-10 years of iterating, and eventually you get there\u3002\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc72\u523010\u5e74\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u62b5\u8fbePMF\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u6709Udemy\u3001OpenTable\u3001Roblox\u3001Thumbtack\u3001Calm<\/li>
- 15 minutes of fame\uff08\u6210\u540d\u5341\u4e94\u5206\u949f\uff09\uff1ainitially looks like PMF, but then fizzles out\u3002\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6700\u521d\u597d\u50cf\u627e\u5230\u4e86PMF\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u5f52\u4e8e\u6c89\u5bc2\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cAlex Ross\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u662fDuolingo\u3001YikYak\u3001Clubhouse\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0cLenny\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06DUolingo\u5f52\u5230Milestone\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\u4e0a\u9762Lenny\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u8fd9\u516d\u79cdPMF\u5f62\u6001\u6211\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5341\u5206\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5176\u4ed8\u8d39Newsletter\u6709\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba2\u9605\u4e5f\u5c31\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5168\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PMF\u5728\u521b\u6295\u5708\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u548c\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u521b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u8001\u677f\u3001\u98ce\u6295\u3001\u589e\u957f\u9ed1\u5ba2\u3001\u54ea\u6015\u4e00\u7ebf\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fd0\u8425\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u5728\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4ee5\u6c42\u5730\u5bfb\u627e\u3002\u4f46PMF\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u70b9\u8bf4\u4e0d\u6e05\u9053\u4e0d\u660e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u6052\u5b9a\u5982\u4e00\u7684100%\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u6b63\u5982Lenny\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6837\uff0cPMF\u5728\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5149\u8c31\u4e24\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9760\u5404\u79cd\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6216\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u53cd\u5e94\u6765\u4f50\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u76f8\u5f53\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u516d\u79cdPMF\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u8bf4\u660e\u62b5\u8fbePMF\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u957f\u53ef\u77ed\uff0c\u521b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u6709\u8010\u5fc3\u548c\u5b9a\u529b\uff0c\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u641e\u5b9a\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Customer\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u4ed8\u8d39<\/li>
- Market\uff1a\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u652f\u6491\u540e\u7eed\u5207\u5165\u3001\u589e\u957f\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5229\u57fa\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u5bbd\u6cdb\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7a0d\u5fae\u8d85\u524d\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fed\u4ee3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5907\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u6559\u80b2\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f<\/li>
- Product\uff1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u80fd\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u8981\u4e14\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff0c\u524d\u671fMVP\u80fd\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u76f8\u5173\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n- Why You Need to Care About User Retention\uff1ahttps:\/\/amplitude.com\/mastering-retention\/why-care-about-user-retention<\/li>
- What is good retention\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.lennysnewsletter.com\/p\/what-is-good-retention-issue-29<\/li>
- \u66f2\u5349\uff1a\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u8fbe\u6807\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\uff1ahttps:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/5PaSNQuNO9REWSkvfvx3dw<\/li>
- 12 Things About Product-Market Fit\uff1ahttps:\/\/future.com\/about-product-market-fit\/<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u6e90\uff1a\u4e8c\u9636\u5bfc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u6301\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u7684\u662f\u540c\u671f\u7fa4\u5206\u6790\uff08cohort analyse\uff09\uff1a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5468\u671f\u5185\uff08\u6708\/\u5468\/\u5929\uff09\u7684\u65b0\u7528\u6237x \u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u540e\uff08\u6708\/\u5468\/\u5929\uff09\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6bd4\u5982\u6b21\u65e5\u30017\u65e5\u300114\u65e5\u300130\u65e5\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u3002\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u540c\u671f\u7fa4\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u4f5c\u6210\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0cSQL\u3001Python\u3001Tableau\u3001PowerBI\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lenny\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u5728 0% \u4ee5\u4e0a\u53d8\u5e73\uff0c\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u9700\u8981\u60a8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u60f3\u5efa\u7acb\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u66f2\u7ebf\u53d8\u5f97\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8981\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64Lenny\u4ee5\u524d\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u300aWhat is good retention<\/em>\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e1a\u5185\u53ef\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u7559\u5b58\u7387\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6bd4\u5982\u516d\u4e2a\u6708\u7559\u5b58\u7387\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u6bd4\u5982Snapchat\uff090~25%\u4e3a\u826f\u597d\uff0c25%~45%\u4e3a\u4f18\u5f02\uff1b\u4ea4\u6613\u578b\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u6bd4\u5982Airbnb\uff090~30%\u4e3a\u826f\u597d\uff0c30%~50%\u4e3a\u4f18\u5f02\uff1b\u8ba2\u9605\u578b\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u591a\u90bb\u56fd\uff090~40%\u4e3a\u826f\u597d\uff0c40%~70%\u4e3a\u4f18\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7559\u5b58\u6c34\u5e73\u4f4e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u53c2\u8003\u6c34\u51c6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4f60\u7684CAC\u548c\u83b7\u5ba2\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u3001\u4f60\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u98ce\u6295\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u4f60\u624d\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7845\u8c37\u589e\u957f\u5b9e\u8df5\u9f3b\u7956\u3001\u524d Pinterest \u589e\u957f\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ebaCasey Winters\u5bf9PMF\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u660e\u667a\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\uff1a\u201cYou have product-market fit when your retention creates enough money (or content\/virality) to drive sustainable acquisition<\/em>.\u201d\uff08\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7559\u5b58\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\/\u5185\u5bb9\/\u75c5\u6bd2\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\u6765\u9a71\u52a8\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u83b7\u5ba2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e86PMF\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2\uff09\u501f\u7531\u53e3\u7891\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff08Explosive growth through word of mouth\uff09<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6700\u806a\u660e\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u4ea7\u54c1\u5927\u4f6c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u4e86\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u6709\u673a\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e86PMF\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u25c6\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e4b\u7236\u3001\u7845\u8c37\u7f51\u7ea2\u98ce\u6295A16Z\u8054\u5408\u521b\u59cb\u4ebaMarc Andreessen\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201cYou can always feel product-market fit when it\u2019s happening. The customers are buying the product just as fast as you can make it\u2014or usage is growing just as fast as you can add more servers. Money from customers is piling up in your company checking account. You\u2019re hiring sales and customer support staff as fast as you can. Reporters are calling because they\u2019ve heard about your hot new thing and they want to talk to you about it. You start getting entrepreneur of the year awards from Harvard Business School. Investment bankers are staking out your house.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u25c6\u7845\u8c37\u77e5\u540d\u521b\u4e1a\u5b75\u5316\u5668Y Combinator\u7684\u8054\u5408\u521b\u59cb\u4ebaMichael Seibel\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201cThe only way you know if you\u2019ve built what customers want is because they are using it in an explosive and destructive way. If you are not getting explosive usage, you are not building what customers want, or there aren\u2019t that many customers, which means you don\u2019t have a big busines\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u25c6Slack\u524d\u589e\u957f\u4e3b\u7ba1Merci Grace\u540c\u6837\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201cOrganic growth is the key indicator of product\/market fit. People love to seem smart and cool. They want to recommend something great to their friends. They don\u2019t need a share button to do it. If they love your product, they will tell people about it. Ideally more than 50% of your new accounts come from direct or organic traff\u201d\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 3)Sean Ellis survey\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0Sean Ellis Test\uff09<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u589e\u957f\u9ed1\u5ba2<\/a><\/span>\u4e4b\u7236Sean Ellis\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8c03\u7814\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ece\u660e\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4f60\u4f1a\u6709\u591a\u5931\u671b\uff1f\u7528\u6237\u56de\u7b54\u975e\u5e38\u5931\u671b\/\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u5931\u671b\/\u4e0d\u5931\u671b\/\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u2014\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f03\u7528\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u5931\u671b\u201d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9ad8\u4e8e40%\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4ea7\u54c1\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u6027\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86PMF\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4)Visceral excitement\uff08\u53d1\u81ea\u80ba\u8151\u7684\u5174\u594b\uff09<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u5728\u521b\u4e1a\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u539f\u578b\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8868\u660e\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u671d\u7740PMF\u524d\u666f\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u3001\u53d1\u81ea\u80ba\u8151\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5e76\u4e14\u53bb\u8ffd\u9010\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b3e\u95ea\u95ea\u53d1\u5149\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n “The real metric for both consumer apps and enterprise is\u2014\u2014do someone’s pupils dilate\uff08\u77b3\u5b54\u653e\u5927\uff09 when they use your stuff ? Whether you’re handing them a demo or if you drew something on the whiteboard,do they say,’You’re not leaving’ or ‘Where have you been all of my life?'”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2014\u2014Steve Blank<\/p>\n\n\n\n “At the end of your free trial,you should pull the trial.If the customer doesn’t scream,you don’t have PMF.Because if they aren’t going to buy it at the end of the 30 days,they aren’t desperate.And if they aren’t desperate,you don’t have PMF.”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2014\u2014Andy Rachleff<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lenny\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u79cd\u5f53\u4eca\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684 PMF \u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u683c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n \u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\uff0cLenny\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u524dTinder\u5f00\u53d1\u603b\u76d1Alex Ross\u4e0e\u98ce\u6295First Round\u5408\u4f19\u4ebaHayley Bay Barna\u8c08\u8bba\u8fc7\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u521b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u5f62\u6001\uff0cLenny Rachitsky\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u516d\u79cd\u6d88\u8d39\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u521d\u521b\u516c\u53f8\u5bfb\u627ePMF\u4e4b\u8def\u7684\u5178\u578b\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u6a2a\u8f74\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7eb5\u8f74\u4e3aPMF\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fd9\u516d\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u65c5\u7a0b\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e0a\u9762Lenny\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u8fd9\u516d\u79cdPMF\u5f62\u6001\u6211\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5341\u5206\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5176\u4ed8\u8d39Newsletter\u6709\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba2\u9605\u4e5f\u5c31\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5168\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n PMF\u5728\u521b\u6295\u5708\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u548c\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u521b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u8001\u677f\u3001\u98ce\u6295\u3001\u589e\u957f\u9ed1\u5ba2\u3001\u54ea\u6015\u4e00\u7ebf\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fd0\u8425\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u5728\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4ee5\u6c42\u5730\u5bfb\u627e\u3002\u4f46PMF\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u70b9\u8bf4\u4e0d\u6e05\u9053\u4e0d\u660e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u6052\u5b9a\u5982\u4e00\u7684100%\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u6b63\u5982Lenny\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6837\uff0cPMF\u5728\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5149\u8c31\u4e24\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9760\u5404\u79cd\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6216\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u53cd\u5e94\u6765\u4f50\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u76f8\u5f53\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u81f3\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u516d\u79cdPMF\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u8bf4\u660e\u62b5\u8fbePMF\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u957f\u53ef\u77ed\uff0c\u521b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u6709\u8010\u5fc3\u548c\u5b9a\u529b\uff0c\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u641e\u5b9a\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u76f8\u5173\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6e90\uff1a\u4e8c\u9636\u5bfc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u627e\u5230PMF\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\u6d88\u8d39\u578b\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u516c\u53f86\u79cd\u5bfb\u627ePMF\u5178\u578b\u65c5\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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